POEM, an innovative platform that repurposes the fourth stage of the PSLV into an orbital experiment module after the primary mission. It conducts scientific and technological experiments in orbit. Equipped with essential capabilities like power supply, telemetry, and command support, POEM enables seamless operations for on board experiments. By leveraging existing infrastructure, it offers a cost-effective and rapid development approach for diverse research pursuits.

Commenting on the POEM deployment Dr Pawan Goenka- Chairman IN-SPACe said, “The PSLV Orbital Experiment Module (POEM) is a practical solution deployed by ISRO that allows Indian start-ups, academic institutions, and research organizations to test their space technologies without the need to launch entire satellites. By making this platform accessible, we are reducing entry barriers and enabling a wider range of entities to contribute to the space sector. At IN-SPACe, our role is to create opportunities for such collaborations and ensure that India’s private sector can grow alongside advancements in space technology. Missions like these will be instrumental in capacity building by enabling NGEs to get their payloads space qualified, thus augmenting their future satellite launch missions.”

The POEM-4 mission marked a significant milestone with the deployment of 24 non-separable payloads, supporting a wide array of scientific and technological endeavours. Of these, 10 payloads from 10 NGEs were selected based on recommendations from the Standing, Selection, and Advisory Committee as given below:

The Technical centre of IN-SPACe in Ahmedabad provided critical support for this mission by enabling several payloads to undergo rigorous environmental testing, ensuring they met all mission requirements.

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Developed in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA), Proba-3 represents a groundbreaking mission in space exploration. The spacecraft is uniquely designed to conduct precision formation flying, with two satellites traveling in tandem just 150 metres apart.

The mission’s primary objective is to observe the Sun’s corona – its outer atmosphere – which plays a crucial role in determining space weather. The innovative approach involves one satellite (the Occulter) creating an eclipse-like phenomenon by blocking the sun’s center, allowing the Coronagraph satellite to capture detailed observations of the sun’s outer rim.

ISRO Chairman Shri S. Somnath highlighted the mission’s success, stating that the PSLV-C59 has been placed in a highly elliptical orbit ranging from approximately 600 km at its closest point to earth (perigee) to 60,000 km at its farthest point (apogee).

The name Proba, which means “let’s try” in Latin and stands for “Project for Onboard Anatomy,” aptly captures the experimental nature of this collaborative effort between ISRO and ESA. The mission not only contributes to India’s advancing space capabilities but also represents a significant step forward in heliophysics research.

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Keynote speakers included Dr. K. Praveen Kumar (ISRO), Dr. Andrew Mattioda (NASA), and distinguished professors from IISER Pune, IIA Bengaluru, IST Trivandrum, and PRL Ahmedabad. Their addresses spanned topics from the Indian Space Program’s evolution to astrobiology and the universe’s physics.

“India is celebrating its maiden National Space Day on August 23, 2024, with the theme ‘Touching Lives while Touching the Moon: India’s Space Saga.’ On this day last year, the Chandrayaan-3 mission accomplished the safe and soft landing of Vikram Lander on the lunar surface,” said Praveen Kumar, Deputy Director at ISRO Headquarters.

“With the successful Chandrayaan-3 mission, India became the fourth country to land on the moon and the first to reach its southern polar region. The space activities in the country were initiated with the setting up of the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) in 1962. The same year, upper atmosphere studies were initiated using sounding rockets at the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) near Thiruvananthapuram. India’s space saga continues with scientific missions like the Chandrayaan series, Mars Orbiter Mission, AstroSat, Aditya-L1 and XpoSat, and other future space science missions. Indian space programme opens up new frontiers in space exploration and technology with the new projects of Bharatiya Antariksha Station in 2035 and Indian on Moon in 2040,” he added.

The symposium also featured dynamic panel discussions on cutting-edge space research and interactive student poster exhibitions, fostering a vibrant knowledge exchange and collaboration atmosphere.

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The EOS-08 mission is focused on designing and developing a microsatellite equipped with advanced payload instruments and incorporating new technologies essential for future operational satellites. Built on the Microsat/IMS-1 bus, EOS-08 carries three sophisticated payloads: the Electro Optical Infrared Payload (EOIR), Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry payload (GNSS-R), and a SiC UV Dosimeter.

The EOIR Payload is designed to capture images in the Mid-Wave IR (MIR) and Long-Wave IR (LWIR) bands during both day and night. This payload supports a variety of applications including satellite-based surveillance, disaster monitoring, environmental assessment, fire and volcanic activity detection, and monitoring of industrial and power plant disasters.

The GNSS-R payload demonstrates GNSS-R-based remote sensing for applications such as ocean surface wind analysis, soil moisture assessment, cryosphere studies in the Himalayan region, flood detection, and monitoring of inland water bodies.

The SiC UV Dosimeter monitors UV irradiance at the Crew Module viewport for the Gaganyaan Mission and serves as a high-dose alarm sensor for gamma radiation.

The EOS-08 satellite is configured to operate in a Circular Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at an altitude of 475 km with an inclination of 37.4°, and has a mission life of one year. Weighing approximately 175.5 kg, the satellite generates around 420 W of power and interfaces seamlessly with the SSLV-D3 launch vehicle.

The EOS-08 mission showcases significant advancements in satellite mainframe systems, including the Integrated Avionics System, the Communication, Baseband, Storage, and Positioning (CBSP) Package. This system consolidates multiple functions into a single unit, utilizing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components and evaluation boards, and supports up to 400 GB of data storage. The satellite also features a structural panel embedded with PCB, an embedded battery, a Micro-DGA (Dual Gimbal Antenna), an M-PAA (Phased Array Antenna), and a flexible solar panel, all of which contribute to onboard technology demonstration.

The EOS-08 employs miniaturized Antenna Pointing Mechanisms capable of achieving a rotational speed of 6 degrees per second with a pointing accuracy of ±1 degree. The mission also incorporates a miniaturized phased array antenna for enhanced communication capabilities and a flexible solar panel designed with a foldable substrate for improved power generation and structural integrity.

The satellite introduces several innovative schemes, including X-band data transmission using pulse shaping and Frequency Compensated Modulation (FCM). The battery management system employs SSTCR-based charging and bus regulation at a frequency of 6 Hz. Indigenization efforts are evident in the solar cell fabrication processes, and the mission’s thermal management system utilizes advanced materials like AFE BGA, Kintex FPGA, Germanium Black Kapton, and STAMET (Si-Al Alloy) Black Kapton to optimize the thermal properties of COTS components.

Additionally, the EOS-08 mission incorporates an auto-launch pad initialization feature, further demonstrating ISRO’s commitment to advancing satellite technology and mission management.

The successful launch of EOS-08 represents a major leap forward in India’s space capabilities, with its advanced technologies and innovative designs setting new benchmarks for future satellite missions. This mission not only strengthens ISRO’s portfolio of Earth observation satellites but also highlights India’s growing expertise in space exploration and technology development.

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The ISRO-Chandrayaan 3 Team will be awarded the Vigyan Team Award for their contributions to space science and technology.

Former Director of the Indian Institute of Science, Professor G. Padmanabhan, has been selected for the Vigyan Ratna Award in biological sciences. The Vigyan Ratna Award recognizes lifetime achievements and contributions in any field of science and technology.

Anandharamakrishnan C, Umesh Varshney, Bhim Singh, Adimurthi Adi, Syed Wajh Ahmad Naqvi, Sanjay Behari, and Rahul Mukherjee are among those selected for the Vigyan Shri Award.

The awardees nominated for the Vigyan Yuva Award include Dr. Bappi Paul, Dr. Abhilash, Radha Krishnan Mahalakshmi, Purabi Saikia, Digendranath Swain, Prabhu Rajagopal, and Prashant Kumar.The award ceremony for all categories will be held on 23rd of this month, in conjunction with National Space Day.

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India is over the moon! The historic month-long space odyssey culminated in an epochal success, marking a monumental achievement for human’s space exploration. Literally dawn breaks over the dark lunar South Pole as India’s Vikram lander on August 23, 2023 has started tunneling through the wispy atmosphere of the Moon. The success of Chandrayaan 3 reminisced the drawl of American astronaut Neil Armstrong, who became the first person to walk on the Moon in 1969, that “A small step for Man, a giant leap for mankind”. This is a small step for the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and a giant bounce for India in the Amrit Kaal. 1.4 billion Indians feel proud to have taken the proverbial “Hanuman Leap” to the Moon, catapulted India to the elite club of US, Soviet Union and China becoming the fourth country to have deployed a rover on the lunar surface.

The meticulous planning, cutting-edge technology, government support, and unwavering dedication of the entire team of ISRO under the stewardship of Sreedhara Panicker Somanath converged to orchestrate this remarkable feat. The momentous event unfolded as Vikram lander executed a flawless descent onto the lunar surface to allow rover Pragyan to explore, touching down with a grace that belied the immense complexity of the endeavor. The significance of this achievement cannot be overstated. It not only solidifies India’s position as pioneers in space exploration but also demonstrates the country’s unwavering commitment to pushing the boundaries of human knowledge and capability. The successful landing has underlined the power of human innovation and collaboration, transcending borders and uniting humanity in the quest to uncover the mysteries of the cosmos.

The flawless execution of the landing owes much to the precision of ISRO’s navigational systems, which guided the Chandrayaan 3 through the challenges posed by the Moon’s unique gravitational conditions and rugged terrain. The moment of touchdown was met with a collective breath held around the world, and as confirmation of success reached around, jubilation erupted and happiness skyrocketed among the team members, dignitaries, space enthusiasts and people alike. It also vividly reflects: When India resolves and harnesses its collective intellect, nothing could eclipse such a sort of remarkable achievement. This historic landing not only marks a triumph for the nation but for humanity as a whole. It symbolizes the unyielding spirit of exploration that has driven Indians to venture beyond the earthly confines, igniting curiosity and fueling ambitions for the future.

Chandrayaan 3: What will lander Vikram and rover Pragyan do after touchdown?

The lander Vikram (Named after Vikram Sarabhai, the Indian physicist regarded as the father of the Indian space programme) and rover Pragyan (Sanskrit word meaning wisdom), are components of Chandrayaan 3 mission with specific objectives and tasks planned for their activities on the lunar surface after touchdown.

Vikram Lander

Surface study: After a successful soft landing, the Vikram lander has begun its operations by conducting a thorough analysis of the lunar surface. This includes studying the composition of the soil, examining the terrain, and assessing any potential hazards.

Payload Operations: Vikram is equipped with scientific instruments and payloads designed to study the moon’s composition, seismic activity, and thermal characteristics, which will gather data and transmit it back to Earth.

Deploying Pragyan: The primary objective of Vikram is to safely deploy the Pragyan rover onto the lunar surface. The rover, housed within the lander, has started rolling out onto the moon after the successful landing.

Pragyan Rover

Exploration: Pragyan is designed to be a six-wheeled robotic rover capable of moving across the lunar surface. Its primary task is to explore the terrain, analyze samples, and conduct experiments to understand the Moon’s geology and mineralogy.

Scientific Experiments: The rover is equipped with scientific instruments to conduct experiments related to surface properties, mineral identification, and elemental composition. It could conduct in-situ analysis of soil samples and rocks.

Navigation & Communication: Pragyan is designed to navigate autonomously, avoiding obstacles and rough terrain. It is also featured with communication systems to transmit data and receive commands from mission control on the Earth.

Chandrayaan 3: Why is the Moon’s South Pole attracting space agencies?

Space agencies are racing to the Moon’s South Pole due to several compelling reasons that make this region an attractive destination for lunar exploration and potential future missions. The Moon’s South Pole may offer exceptional scientific, technological, and strategic advantages that make it a priority for space agencies around the world. Various space agencies, including National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA), ISRO, and others, have set their missions to explore this region. Here’s why there is a significant focus on the moon’s south pole:

Water Ice and Resources: The Moon’s South pole is believed to contain significant amounts of water ice in permanently shadowed regions within craters. Water is a critical resource for future space exploration, serving as a source of drinking water, oxygen production, and potentially as rocket propellant (hydrogen and oxygen). Extracting and utilizing water on the moon could reduce the need to transport resources from Earth for future lunar missions.

Exploration and Research: The lunar South Pole remains relatively unexplored compared to other regions of the moon. This presents an opportunity to make new discoveries about the moon’s geology, surface features, and potential for habitability. Scientific investigations at the South Pole can contribute to our understanding of the moon’s formation and evolution. Studying these areas could provide insights into the early history of our solar system.

Potential Lunar Bases: The challenging lunar environment requires careful consideration of where to establish future lunar bases or habitats. The South Pole’s combination of resources, sunlight availability, and scientific interest makes it a prime candidate for establishing sustainable human presence on the Moon. Establishing a human presence here could serve as a testing ground for technologies and systems required for deep space exploration, including missions to Mars and beyond.

Commercial and Economic Opportunities: The South Pole offers the possibility of mining and utilizing water ice, potentially driving commercial ventures and economic activities. The private sector is reported to have involved in space exploration increasingly. NASA is partnering with private companies to accomplish its missions. The growth of the global space sector has created lots of opportunities for new players. According to Deloitte’s report, 2022 is registered as a record year for the space industry, with as many as 186 successful rocket launches, the most ever, which has spread the message that the space sector is undergoing a rapid transformation.

Chandrayaan-2’s failure makes the pillar of Chandrayaan-2’s success

The failure of Chandrayaan-2’s Vikram lander, on September 7, 2019, during its attempted soft landing has indeed served as a foundational pillar for the development, planning, and successful soft-landing of Chandrayaan-3. While the setback was disappointing, it provided valuable lessons, insights, and opportunities that have significantly contributed to the success of future lunar missions.

The failure of a mission doesn’t deter progress; rather, it highlights the resilience and determination of space agencies to overcome challenges. Chandrayaan-2’s experience reinforced the importance of perseverance in the face of adversity, and the result is the success of Chandrayaan 3.

In essence, the setback faced by Chandrayaan-2 is considered a foundational pillar for Chandrayaan-3’s success. Learning from past failures is a hallmark of progress and innovation in space exploration. By incorporating the lessons learned from the Chandrayaan-2 mission, India’s space agency ISRO has enhanced its capabilities for the successful Chandrayaan-3 mission and has contributed to the growing body of knowledge about lunar exploration.

Ramakant Chaudhary works with PR Professionals as Content Head, and has formerly worked in various editorial roles with Financial Express, Mint (Hindustan Times Group), The Times Of India, Jagran Post (Dainik Jagran Group), The Pioneer, and The Political and Business Daily. He writes on politics, government policy, economy, infrastructure, real estate, social issues, lifestyle, and health

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During 2019, six launch vehicle and seven satellite missions were realised by ISRO. The year also marked the 50th launch of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Dr Sivan said that two new variants of the PSLV were introduced. For the first time, the spent fourth stage of the PSLV was successfully demonstrated as an experimental orbital platform. Indigenously developed Vikram processor by Semi-Conductor Laboratory was flight tested during the year. International mobile standards body 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) approved India’s regional navigation satellite system NavIC which would facilitate NavIC’s use in mobile phones.

On the capacity building front, a second launch port, exclusively for the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV), is planned to be established in Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu. “Land acquisition activities are presently in progress”, said Dr. Sivan. A second Vehicle Assembly Building in SDSC SHAR Sriharikota was dedicated to the nation during the year for increasing the launch frequency. As part of the enhanced outreach activity, a launch viewing gallery was operationalised in Sriharikota to facilitate viewing of launches live by the public.

In an effort towards horizontal expansion of ISRO, Space Technology Cells, Space Technology Incubation Centres andRegional Academic Centres for Space were established during the year and many more such centres are planned in the future. A special programme for school children called “YuvaVIgyaniKAryakram (YUVIKA)”aimed at imparting basic knowledge on Space Technology, Space Science and Space Applications was also introduced during the last year.

To carry forward the industry production of space systems, ISRO incorporated New Space India Limited (NSIL), under the Department of Space and efforts in realising PSLVs from industry initiated.

Pertaining to future programmes, Dr Sivan said Chandrayaan-3 mission to the moon, comprising a lander and a rover is approved by the Government and activities for its realisation are in progress.

Talking about India’s first human space flight mission Gaganyaan, Dr. Sivan said “We’ve made good progress in the mission. The process of Astronaut selection for the mission is completed”. He further added that four astronauts have been selected, who will undergo extensive training.

Other projects during the year include SSLV, GSLV with 4m ogive payload fairing, GSAT-20 satellite, NavIC with indigenous atomic clocks, Indian Data Relay Satellite System, Aditya-L1 and XPOSAT.

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India is among a handful of countries with advanced capabilities in the space sector. With these reforms, the sector will receive new energy and dynamism, to help the country leapfrog to the next stages of space activities.

This will not only result in an accelerated growth of this sector but will enable Indian Industry to be an important player in global space economy. With this, there is an opportunity for large-scale employment in the technology sector and India becoming a Global technology powerhouse.

Key Benefits:
Space sector can play a major catalytic role in the technological advancement and expansion of our Industrial base. The proposed reforms will enhance the socio-economic use of space assets and activities, including through improved access to space assets, data and facilities.

The newly created Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe) will provide a level playing field for private companies to use Indian space infrastructure. It will also hand-hold, promote and guide the private industries in space activities through encouraging policies and a friendly regulatory environment.

The Public Sector Enterprise ‘New Space India Limited (NSIL)’ will endeavour to re-orient space activities from a ‘supply driven’ model to a ‘demand driven’ model, thereby ensuring optimum utilization of our space assets.

These reforms will allow ISRO to focus more on research and development activities, new technologies, exploration missions and human spaceflight programme. Some of the planetary exploration missions will also be opened up to private sector through an ‘announcement of opportunity’ mechanism.

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