प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी की हाल ही में समाप्त हुई संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका यात्रा इस अर्थ में ऐतिहासिक है कि इसने आने वाले वर्षों के लिए भारत को एक प्रमुख वैश्विक शक्ति के रूप में स्थापित कर दिया है। भारत और संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका प्रौद्योगिकी संचालित समान सहयोग के युग में प्रवेश कर रहे हैं और यह सहयोग उस यात्रा की शुरुआत का प्रतीक है, जिसके बारे में प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी ने कहा है, “आकाश ही सीमा नहीं है।“

वास्तव में, इसका श्रेय प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी को जाता है, जिन्होंने पिछले 9 वर्षों के दौरान कई गैर-परंपरागत और नयी राह दिखाने वाले अभिनव निर्णय लिए, जिनकी वजह से भारत प्रमुख क्षेत्रों में तेजी से आगे बढ़ने में सक्षम हुआ। उदाहरण के लिए, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका, जिसने भारत से कई वर्ष पहले अपनी अंतरिक्ष यात्रा की शुरुआत की थी, आज भारत को अपने भविष्य के प्रयासों में एक समान भागीदार के रूप में आमंत्रित करता है। 21 जून को वाशिंगटन स्थित विलार्ड इंटर-कॉन्टिनेंटल होटल में एक समारोह के दौरान, भारत आर्टेमिस समझौते पर हस्ताक्षर करने वाला 27वां देश बन गया।

आर्टेमिस समझौता, शांतिपूर्ण उद्देश्यों के लिए राष्ट्रों के बीच नागरिक अंतरिक्ष अन्वेषण सहयोग का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए सिद्धांतों के एक व्यावहारिक समूह की स्थापना करता है। यह भारत को चंद्रमा और अन्य खगोलीय पिंडों की खोज के लिए अमेरिका के नेतृत्व वाले आर्टेमिस कार्यक्रम में भाग लेने में सक्षम बनाता है। ध्यान देने योग्य है कि यह समझौता अंतरिक्ष क्षेत्र में, विशेषकर इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स से संबंधित महत्वपूर्ण प्रौद्योगिकियों के आयात से जुड़े प्रतिबंधों में छूट देने का मार्ग प्रशस्त करेगा, जिससे भारतीय कंपनियों को अमेरिकी बाजारों के लिए प्रणाली विकसित करने और नवाचार करने में लाभ होगा। यह अन्य वैज्ञानिक कार्यक्रमों में भारत को संयुक्त रूप से भागीदार बनने की सुविधा प्रदान करेगा, मानव अंतरिक्ष उड़ान कार्यक्रमों समेत विभिन्न गतिविधियों में दीर्घकालिक सहयोग के लिए सामान्य मानकों तक पहुंच की अनुमति देगा और माइक्रो-इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स, क्वांटम, अंतरिक्ष सुरक्षा आदि रणनीतिक क्षेत्रों में अमेरिका के साथ मजबूत भागीदारी की सुविधा प्रदान करेगा।

आर्टेमिस समझौता एक गैर-बाध्यकारी समझौता है, जिसके तहत कोई वित्तीय प्रतिबद्धता नहीं है। इस समझौते पर 13 अक्टूबर, 2020 को आठ संस्थापक राष्ट्रों -ऑस्ट्रेलिया, कनाडा, इटली, जापान, लक्ज़मबर्ग, यूएई, यूके और संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका ने हस्ताक्षर किए थे। इसके सदस्यों में जापान, फ्रांस, न्यूजीलैंड, यूके, कनाडा, दक्षिण कोरिया, ऑस्ट्रेलिया और स्पेन जैसे पारंपरिक अमेरिकी सहयोगी देश शामिल हैं, जबकि रवांडा, नाइजीरिया जैसे अफ्रीकी देश नए भागीदार हैं।

आइए, यह समझने की कोशिश करें कि आर्टेमिस समझौते में शामिल होने से भारत को क्या लाभ होगा। एक अनुमान के मुताबिक, अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रमों के लिए वैश्विक सरकारी खर्च पिछले साल लगभग 103 बिलियन डॉलर के रिकॉर्ड स्तर पर पहुंच गया। लगभग 62 बिलियन डॉलर के साथ, अमेरिकी सरकार ने अकेले कुल धनराशि का आधे से अधिक खर्च किया। अमेरिका के बाद चीन ने लगभग 12 बिलियन डॉलर खर्च किये, जो इस समूह का हिस्सा नहीं है। रूस 3.4 बिलियन डॉलर के वार्षिक खर्च के साथ 5वें स्थान पर है। भारत 1.93 बिलियन डॉलर के वार्षिक बजट के साथ 7वें स्थान पर है।

आइए, हम वर्ष 2022 में ऑर्बिटल लॉन्च की संख्या के आधार पर विभिन्न देशों के अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रमों की तुलना करते हैं। पेलोडस्पेस वेबसाइट कहता है कि पिछले साल 186 ऑर्बिटल लॉन्च के प्रयास किये गए, जिनमें अमेरिका ने 76, चीन ने 62, रूस ने 21 और भारत ने 5 ऑर्बिटल लॉन्च किए। अब, हम तीसरे प्रमुख मानक – अंतरिक्ष में उपग्रहों की संख्या – की तुलना करते हैं। उपग्रहों की निगरानी करने वाली वेबसाइट, “ऑर्बिटिंग नाउ” के अनुसार, 4 मई 2023 तक, विभिन्न पृथ्वी कक्षाओं में 7,702 उपग्रह सक्रिय थे। अमेरिका के पास अधिकतम 2,926 सक्रिय उपग्रह हैं, इसके बाद चीन – 493, यूके – 450, रूस – 167 आते हैं, जबकि भारत 58 उपग्रहों के साथ 8वें स्थान पर है।

भारत का अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रम छह दशक पुराना है और इसके सात साल बाद, 1969 में इसरो की स्थापना हुई। अंतर्राष्ट्रीय सहयोग इसरो की पहचान रही है तथा इसने रूस की रुस्कोस्मोस और यूरोप की ईएसए जैसी विभिन्न लॉन्च एजेंसियों के साथ सहयोग किया है। इसरो ने 34 से अधिक देशों के 385 से अधिक विदेशी उपग्रह लॉन्च किए हैं।

2014 से पहले, इसरो कभी-कभार उपग्रह लॉन्च करता था, लेकिन पीएम नरेन्द्र मोदी द्वारा अंतरिक्ष क्षेत्र में निजी क्षेत्र की भागीदारी की शुरुआत के बाद, आज इसरो लगभग 150 निजी स्टार्टअप के साथ काम कर रहा है। सुदूर अंतरिक्ष मिशनों के लिए अरबों डॉलर की आवश्यकता होती है और इससे पूरी मानवता लाभान्वित होती है। इसलिए, यह जरूरी है कि राष्ट्र मानवता के लाभ के लिए अपने संसाधनों का उपयोग करें। बिना समय गंवाए, समान विचारधारा वाले देशों को आगे आना होगा, सहयोग करना होगा और एक-दूसरे के लाभ और अनुभवों पर काम करना होगा, जैसा प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी ने जोर देकर कहा है, “हमें अलग-थलग होकर काम नहीं करना चाहिए।”

अंतरिक्ष क्षेत्र में भारत-अमेरिका के बीच नए सहयोग का पहला बड़ा स्पष्ट लाभ देखने के लिए हमें शायद लंबे समय तक इंतजार नहीं करना होगा। अगले साल एक भारतीय अंतरिक्ष यात्री को अंतरराष्ट्रीय अंतरिक्ष स्टेशन (आईएसएस) भेजा जा सकता है। अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति जो बाइडेन गुरुवार को प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी के साथ बैठक के बाद व्हाइट हाउस में इसकी पुष्टि कर चुके हैं।
पीएम मोदी की मौजूदा यात्रा के दौरान भारत और संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका के संयुक्त वक्तव्य में कहा गया है कि नासा अपने एक सुविधा केंद्र में भारतीय अंतरिक्ष यात्रियों को “उन्नत प्रशिक्षण” प्रदान करेगा।

दोनों पक्षों के समान, अन्य क्षेत्रों के लिए भी परस्पर लाभ में तेजी देखने को मिलेगी। अमेरिकी मेमोरी चिप कंपनी, माइक्रोन टेक्नोलॉजी, इंक ने गुरुवार को कहा कि वह भारत के गुजरात में एक नई चिप असेंबली और परीक्षण सुविधा इकाई के लिए 825 मिलियन डॉलर तक का निवेश करेगी, जो देश में इसकी पहली निर्माण-इकाई होगी। केंद्र सरकार और गुजरात राज्य सरकार के सहयोग से इस सुविधा केंद्र में 2.75 बिलियन डॉलर का कुल निवेश किया जाएगा।राष्ट्रपति बाइडेन और पीएम मोदी संयुक्त भारत-अमेरिका क्वांटम सहयोग व्यवस्था की स्थापना पर भी सहमत हुए, ताकि उद्योग, शिक्षा जगत और सरकार के बीच सहयोग को सुविधाजनक बनाया जा सके तथा एक व्यापक क्वांटम सूचना विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी समझौते की दिशा में काम किया जा सके। कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता (एआई) और क्वांटम प्रौद्योगिकियों के संयुक्त विकास और व्यवसायीकरण और भारत में उच्च प्रदर्शन कंप्यूटिंग (एचपीसी) सुविधाओं को विकसित करने के क्रम में सार्वजनिक-निजी सहयोग को प्रोत्साहित करने के लिए; यूएस-भारत विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी एकमुश्त निधि के तहत 2 मिलियन डॉलर का अनुदान कार्यक्रम शुरू किया जा रहा है।

राष्ट्रपति बाइडेन ने भारत को एचपीसी प्रौद्योगिकी और स्रोत कोड के अमेरिकी निर्यात में बाधाओं को कम करने के लिए अमेरिकी कांग्रेस के साथ काम करने की अपनी सरकार की प्रतिबद्धता भी दोहराई। अमेरिकी पक्ष ने भारत के उन्नत कंप्यूटिंग विकास केंद्र (सी-डैक) के अमेरिकी एक्सेलरेटेड डेटा एनालिटिक्स और कंप्यूटिंग (एडीएसी) संस्थान के साथ सहयोग की शुरुआत के समर्थन में अपना सर्वश्रेष्ठ प्रयास करने का वादा किया। साथ ही, अमेरिकी नेशनल साइंस फाउंडेशन (एनएसएफ) और भारत के विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी विभाग (डीएसटी) द्वारा उभरती प्रौद्योगिकियों में 35 अभिनव संयुक्त अनुसंधान सहयोग को वित्त पोषित किया जाएगा।

राष्ट्रपति बाइडेन ने एआई पर वैश्विक साझेदारी के अध्यक्ष के रूप में भारत को अमेरिकी समर्थन का आश्वासन दिया। दोनों राजनेताओं ने गूगल के अपने 10 बिलियन डॉलर के भारत डिजिटलीकरण फंड के माध्यम से शुरुआती चरण के भारतीय स्टार्टअप तथा अन्य में निवेश जारी रखने के इरादे की सराहना की।

भारत का परमाणु ऊर्जा विभाग (डीएई) प्रोटॉन इम्प्रूवमेंट प्लान-II एक्सेलेरेटर की लॉन्ग बेसलाइन न्यूट्रिनो फैसिलिटी के सहयोगात्मक विकास के लिए अमेरिकी ऊर्जा विभाग (डीओई) की फर्मी नेशनल लेबोरेटरी को 140 मिलियन डॉलर का योगदान देगा, जो अमेरिका की सबसे बड़ी अंतर्राष्ट्रीय अनुसंधान सुविधा केंद्र होगी। स्वास्थ्य क्षेत्र में, दोनों देशों के अनुसंधान संस्थान किफायती कैंसर प्रौद्योगिकी कार्यक्रमों पर सहयोग करेंगे, जिनमें एआई सक्षम निदान और पूर्वानुमान भविष्यवाणी उपकरणों का विकास और मधुमेह अनुसंधान शामिल होंगे।

भारत के नागरिक उड्डयन क्षेत्र को गति देते हुए एयर इंडिया 34 बिलियन डॉलर में 220 बोइंग विमान खरीदेगी। भारत-अमेरिका संबंधों के सबसे अच्छे होने का सबसे स्पष्ट संकेत यह है कि जैसा पीएम मोदी ने अमेरिकी कांग्रेस के अपने संबोधन में उल्लेख किया था, अमेरिका आज न केवल भारत का सबसे बड़ा व्यापार भागीदार है; बल्कि रक्षा क्षेत्र में सहयोग, भरोसेमंद संबंध को रेखांकित करते हैं। प्रधानमंत्री नरेन्द्र मोदी की अमेरिका की यात्रा के अंत में जारी संयुक्त वक्तव्य के समापन वाक्य का निष्कर्ष के तौर पर उल्लेख किया जा सकता है, “हमारी (भारत और अमेरिका) महत्वाकांक्षाएं और अधिक ऊंचाइयों तक पहुंचने की हैं…।”

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Indian Navy (IN) Ships including indigenously built ASW corvette Kamorta and missile corvette Karmuk participated in the 2^nd edition of India, Singapore and Thailand Trilateral Maritime Exercise SITMEX-20, from 21 to 22 November 20 in Andaman Sea.

The first edition of SITMEX, hosted by Indian Navy, was conducted off Port Blair in September 2019. The SITMEX series of exercises are conducted to enhance mutual inter-operability and imbibing best practices between IN, Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN) and Royal Thai Navy (RTN). The 2020 edition of the exercise is being hosted by RSN.

RSN is being represented by the ‘Formidable’ Class frigate ‘Intrepid’ and ‘Endurance’ Class Landing Ship Tank ‘Endeavour’ and  RTN by the ‘Chao Phraya’ Class frigate ‘Kraburi’ in the exercise.

The exercise conducted as a ‘non-contact, at sea only’ exercise in view of COVID-19 pandemic, highlights growing synergy, coordination and cooperation in the maritime domain between the three friendly navies and maritime neighbours. The two days of maritime drills will witness the three navies participate in a variety of exercises including naval manoeuvres, surface warfare exercises and weapon firings.

Besides improving inter-operability between the friendly navies, SITMEX series of exercise also aim to strengthen mutual confidence and develop common understanding and procedures towards enhancing the overall maritime security in the region.

for Phase-II, Indian and the U.S. deployed aircraft carrier groups INS Vikramaditya and USS Nimitz respectively and P-8 long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft for Anti-Submarine Warfare drills. The two aircraft carriers, along with other ships, submarine and aircraft of the participating navies, engaged in high intensity naval operations, including cross-deck flying operations and advanced air defence exercises by MiG-29K fighters of INS Vikramaditya andF/A-18 fighters and E2C Hawkeye aircraft from USS Nimitz, the Navy said.

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It’s a million dollar question that when India will get first Covid vaccine but here are some good news coming . India may get first dose of vaccine in  first week of December which will be used to high risk persons including heath workers .

Meanwhile The coronavirus vaccine developed by Sinovac, CoronaVac, has successfully developed an immune response among volunteers in the preliminary trials. However, the level of antibodies produced was comparatively lower than what recovered Covid-19 patients have developed on their own, reported Reuters.

While the early to mid-stage trials were not designed to assess the efficacy of CoronaVac, researchers said it could provide sufficient protection, based on their experience with other vaccines and data from preclinical studies with macaques.

According to reports, India is in touch with US-based biotech giant Moderna Inc over the progress of its coronavirus vaccine candidate, which the company has said is 94% effective in developing immunity against Covid-19.

Moderna has said the independent National Institutes of Health-appointed Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) for the Phase 3 study of mRNA-1273, its vaccine candidate against Covid-19, found the 94 percent success.

“We are in dialogue not only with Moderna, but also with Pfizer, Serum Institute, Bharat Biotech and Zydus Cadila over the progress of the clinical trials of each of the vaccine candidates and where their vaccines stand in terms safety, immunogenicity and efficacy, and regulatory approvals,” Niti Ayog commity chief V K PAUL said .

BioNTech Chief Executive Ugur Sahin  also claimed said that deliveries of coronavirus vaccine developed by BioNTech-Pfizer could come as early as Christmas this year, if ‘all goes well’.”If all goes well I could imagine that we will get  approval (from US FDA) in the second half of December and start deliveries before Christmas, but really only if all goes positively,” he told .

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As a largely immigrant community, but in some cases with American roots reaching back generations, Indian-Americans know firsthand the strength and resilience that immigrants bring to the United States of America, according to a policy document issued by the Biden campaign.

“He (Biden) will immediately begin working with Congress to pass legislative immigration reform that modernizes our system, with a priority on keeping families together by providing a roadmap to citizenship for nearly 11 million undocumented immigrants — including more than 500,000 from India,” it said.

Biden will remove the uncertainty for Dreamers by reinstating the DACA (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals) programme and explore all legal options to protect their families from inhumane separation. And, he will end workplace raids and protect other sensitive locations from immigration enforcement actions, it said. Launched by the Obama administration, the DACA is an immigration policy that allows some individuals with unlawful presence in the US after being brought to the country as children to receive a renewable two-year period of deferred action from deportation and become eligible for a work permit in the US. DACA recipients are often referred to as Dreamers. To be eligible for the programme, recipients cannot have felonies or serious misdemeanors on their records.

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In Texas and North Carolina, there are currently more COVID-19 patients hospitalized than there were a month ago. With half a million tests performed per day, the country is the world champion in screening per capita. According to an average of 11 epidemiological models conducted by researchers at the University of Massachusetts, the number of COVID-19 deaths in the US is expected to approach 130,000 by July 4, Independence Day.

The coronavirus pandemic advanced steadily Wednesday through Latin America, where the death toll passed the grim milestone of 70,000 fatalities even as Europe planned to reopen its external borders to foreigners in July.

The Americas — North and South — remained the epicenter of the global health crisis, accounting for almost half the 412,926 deaths and 7.3 million infections worldwide, based on an AFP tally of figures released by national health ministries by 1900 GMT.

Brazil accounts for almost 40,000 — or more than half — of Latin America’s total deaths, registering 1,274 fatalities in the last 24 hours. Even as the virus continued to cut a swath through the country, economic capital Sao Paulo began reopening shops on Wednesday as part of a gradual resumption of activity.

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Trump’s comments about Floyd came as he shifted from discussing a drop in the unemployment rate to say everyone deserved “equal treatment in every encounter with law enforcement, regardless of race, color, gender or creed.” “We all saw what happened last week. We can’t let that happen,” Trump said.

“Hopefully George is looking down right now and saying this is a great thing that’s happening for our country.” He added: “This is a great day for him. It’s a great day for everybody. This is a great day for everybody. This is a great, great day in terms of equality.”

Floyd, who was black, died after a white police officer pressed his knee on Floyd’s neck for several minutes, ignoring Floyd’s cries that he couldn’t breathe and bystander shouts. Floyd’s death set off protests around the world, including outside the White House.

Trump spoke shortly after the government said the unemployment rate had dropped to 13.3%, better than expected but still on par with Great Depression-era levels of joblessness. He offered the data as evidence that the nation had overcome the worst of the coronavirus pandemic and had begun an economic comeback.

Biden panned Trump’s comments during an economic speech in Delaware.

“We’re speaking of a man who was brutally killed by an act of needless violence and by a larger tide of injustice that has metastasized on this president’s watch,” Biden said.

“George Floyd’s last words, ‘I can’t breathe. I can’t breathe,’ have echoed all across this nation and quite frankly around the world,” Biden added. “For the president to try to put any other words in the mouth of George Floyd, I frankly think, is despicable.”

Trump campaign communications director Tim Murtaugh said some news outlets had “purposely misreported” the president’s comments to insinuate that Floyd would be pleased about the positive jobs numbers. He said Trump was referencing the “national conversation” that followed Floyd’s death and “Americans coming together on the belief that everyone should be treated equally under the law.”

“The sentences that preceded and followed the president’s sentiments about Mr. Floyd made the context crystal clear,” Murtaugh said. “Media claims that the president said that Mr. Floyd would be praising the economic news are wrong, purposefully misrepresented, and maliciously crafted.”

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His comments came at the start of a five-day Gulf tour that had been thrown into doubt after Tehran responded to the attack on Qasem Soleimani by launching a barrage of missiles at bases hosting American troops in Iraq, prompting fears of all-out war.

But as those concerns receded, the Japanese premier decided to go ahead with the visit and on Sunday discussed regional tensions during an hour-long meeting with Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in northwestern Al-Ula province, according to foreign ministry spokesman Masato Ohtaka.

“Any military confrontation in the region that includes a country like Iran will have an impact not only on peace and stability in the region but the peace and stability of the whole world,” Abe said, according to Ohtaka.

Abe called “on all relevant countries to engage in diplomatic efforts to defuse tensions”, Ohtaka added.

The spokesman said the two leaders agreed on working closely on maritime security in the region and discussed Tokyo’s decision to send a destroyer for intelligence activities along with two P-3C patrol aircraft to the Middle East.

Japan, however, will not join a US-led coalition in the region.

Ohtaka said Abe stressed the importance of a continuous and stable Saudi oil supply to Japan

Ohtaka said Abe stressed the importance of a continuous and stable Saudi oil supply to Japan.

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“It’s so unfair,” Trump said, days after he was impeached by the House, as he spoke at a conservative student conference organized by the group Turning Point USA. “They are violating the Constitution,” he added.

Pelosi has refused so far to send the articles of impeachment to the Senate, in part to provide more leverage to Democrats in that chamber as they seek to negotiate the rules for the trial proceedings. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Democratic leader Chuck Schumer remain at an impasse over whether there will be new witnesses and testimony in the trial.

Still, Trump is expected to be acquitted of both charges in the Senate, where Republicans have the majority, in what will be only the third presidential impeachment trial in U.S. history. Proceedings are expected to begin in January.

Trump lashed out at the Democrats who supported impeachment, accusing them of trying to “overthrow” the 2016 election.

“They call themselves Democrats, but they really don’t believe in democracy,” he said.

Trump lauded House Republicans for remaining in lockstep against impeachment as a few Democrats crossed the aisle to oppose it.

“We have to say it was a bipartisan vote,” Trump said. “No Republican went to their side.”

Speaking to thousands of enthusiastic supporters, many wearing his campaign paraphernalia, Trump encouraged young conservatives to stand up to the “radical left,” as he sought to harness the nation’s cultural and divisions for political gain.

“The Democrat Party is trying to shred our Constitution, tear down our history and erase the nation’s borders,” Trump said.

“Each of you are on the front lines of defending our way of life,” he added. “The radical left doesn’t stand a chance against young conservatives who put America first.”

Trump spoke on the first day of his more than two-week winter vacation at his private club in Palm Beach.

Trump was introduced by conservative talk radio host Rush Limbaugh, who encouraged the high school students in attendance not to believe in climate change and for conservatives to attack Trump’s critics, not spend time defending him.

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More than 60 people have died in the Bihar rains till today and  A few places such as Patna’s Rajendra Nagar have not had electricity or phone connection last five days .                                                           

He said floods occur in many parts of the country and around the world. “I am asking in how many parts of the country and across the world, have there been floods?” he asked. “Is water in some parts of Patna the only problem we have? What happened in America?” in flood.The chief minister said the floods were a result of a natural calamity. “We are extending every possible relief effort to the people affected by the floods in the city,” Kumar added. “We are doing everything we can. No one is sitting idle. This is a natural calamity magnified by climate change.”

The chief minister assured the media that pumps were being used to drain the water from the city. “Over 12 districts were affected by a flash flood in July this year,” Kumar added. “After that, several parts of the state were hit by drought. Now, several districts are affected by the swelling of the Ganga and amid that heavy rains caused floods in Patna.”

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Speaking at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)  here, Khan also said the least he expects the international community to do is to urge India to lift the curfew in Kashmir.

Responding to a question, Khan said he had urged his Indian counterpart Narendra Modi to “reset” bilateral ties and his government waited to resume talks until after the elections in India were over but then it found that “India is pushing us in the boycott of the Financial Action Task Force to bankrupt us.”

He said that by abrogating Article 370, India had cast aside the UN Security Council resolutions, the Simla Accord and its own Constitution. Khan said he would ask the UN to play its role on the Kashmir issue.

Pakistan has tried to internationalise the Kashmir issue but India has asserted that the abrogation of Article 370 was its “internal matter”. New Delhi has also asked Islamabad to accept the reality and stop its anti-India rhetoric.

When asked about former US defence secretary James Mattis‘ remark that he considered Pakistan to be “the most dangerous” among all countries he had dealt with, Khan said, “I do not think Mattis fully understands why Pakistan became radicalised.”

Khan said Pakistan “committed one of the biggest blunders” when it joined the US war on terror after the 9/11 terror attacks by the al-Qaeda. “I think the Pakistani government should not have pledged what they could not deliver,” Khan said, referring to the then military dictator General Pervez Musharraf’s decision to side with the US.

Pakistan was one of the three countries which recognised the Taliban government in Afghanistan before the US invasion in 2001 there. After the US invasion of Afghanistan after the 9/11 attacks, Pakistan extended support to American forces against the Taliban.

“In the 1980s, when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan, Pakistan, helped by the US, organised the resistance to the Soviets. The ISI (Inter-Services Intelligence) trained militants who were invited from all over the Muslim world to do jihad against the Soviets,” Khan said in response to a question.

“And so we created these militant groups to fight the Soviets… Jihadis were heroes then. Come 1989, Soviets leave Afghanistan, the US packs up and leaves Afghanistan… and we were left with these groups,” he added.

“Then comes 9/11, and Pakistan again joins the US in the war on terror and now we are required to go after these groups as terrorists. They were indoctrinated that fighting foreign occupation is jihad but now when the US arrived in Afghanistan, it was supposed to be terrorism,” Khan added.

“So Pakistan took a real battering in this,” the prime minister said, adding that Pakistan should have stayed neutral in the conflict. He insisted that there could be no military solution in Afghanistan and said he will urge President Donald Trump to resume peace talks. “For 19 years if you have not been able to succeed, you are not going to be able to succeed in another 19 years,” he added.

On Pakistan’s fragile economy, Khan said his government had inherited “the biggest current account deficit” in the country’s history and “so the first year has been a real struggle.” Khan thanked China for helping “when we were at the rock bottom”. “China has given us a great opportunity to lift ourselves up from where we are now,” he added.

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